Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Maker's Marks
Silver Facts
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| Silver as an Element:
28
Ni
Nickel | 29
Cu
Copper | 30
Zn
Zinc | 46
Pd
Palladium | 47
Ag
Silver |
48
Cd
Cadmium | 78
Pt
Platinum | 79
Au
Gold | 80
Hg
Mercury |
Names:
English:
Silver
French: Argent
German: Silber
Italian: Argento
Latin: Argentum
Spanish:
Plata
Basic Information:
Symbol:
Ag
Atomic number: 47
Group number: 11
Mass: 107.868
Density @ 293
K: 10.5 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 10.3 cm3/mol
Melting Point: 961.93 C (1235.1
K)
Boiling Point: 2212 C (2428 K)
Heat of fusion: 11.30 kJ/mol
Heat of
vaporization: 250.580 kJ/mol
Number of Protons/Electrons: 47
Number of neutrons:
61
Classification: Transition Metal
Crystal Structure: Face-centered Cubic
Color:
silver
Hardness: 3.25 mohs
Characteristics: soft, ductile, tarnishesStructure of atom:
Number of shells: 5Atom arrangement:
| 1. first shell - 2 | | 2. second
shell - 8 | | 3. third shell - 18 |
| 4. fourth shell - 18 | | 5.
fifth shell - 1 |
Oxidation:
Electron
configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s1
Minimum oxidation number: 0
Maximum oxidation
number: 3
Minimum oxidation state: 0
(silver occurs naturally in ores in its elemental state)
Maximum oxidation state: 3
(the unit cell of silver oxide, Ag4O4, has two atoms
of
univalent silver and two atoms of
trivalent silver)
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Half Lives:
| Isotope | Half
Life | | Ag105 | 41.3
days | | Ag105m | 7.2
minutes | | Ag106m | 8.4
days | | Ag107 | stable |
| Ag108 | 2.4
minutes | | Ag108m | 130
years | | Ag109 | stable |
| Ag109m | 39.8
seconds | | Ag110 | 24.6
seconds | | Ag110m | 249.8
days | | Ag111 | 7.47
days |
Energies:
1st
ionization energy: 731 kJ/mole
Electronegativity: 1.93
2nd ionization energy:
2073.5 kJ/mole
Electron affinity: 125.6 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy: 3360.6
kJ/mole
Specific heat: 0.235 J/gK
Heat atomization: 284 kJ/mole atoms
Reactions:
With
air: mild, =>Ag2O
With 6M HCl: none
With 6M HCl: none
With 15M HNO3:
mild, =>AgNO3
Other Forms:
number
of isotopes: 2
hydride(s): none
oxide(s): Ag2O
chloride(s): AgCl
Radius:
ionic
radius (2- ion): pm
ionic radius (1- ion): pm
atomic radius: 144 pm
ionic
radius (1+ ion): 129 pm
ionic radius (2+ ion): 108 pm
ionic radius (3+ ion):
89 pm Conductivity:
Thermal
conductivity: 429 J/m-sec-degC
Electrical conductivity: 630.5 1/mohm-cm
Electrical
resistivity: 1.467 X 10-8 ohms-m (OoC)
Polarizability:
7.9 A^3Abundance:
Silver occurs in the metallic state, commonly associated with
gold, copper, lead, and zinc. It is also found in some 60 minerals
including: argentite (a sulfide), cerargyrite (a chloride), many other
sulfides and tellurides.
Relative abundance in solar system: -0.313 log
Abundance earth's crust: -1.2 log
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